EPS@ISEP | The European Project Semester (EPS) at ISEP

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report [2022/06/28 13:22] – [7.6 System Design] team3report [2022/06/29 14:21] (current) – [3.3 Cost] team3
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 |LCA|Life Cycle Analysis| |LCA|Life Cycle Analysis|
 |UC|Use Case| |UC|Use Case|
 +|PV|PhotoVoltaic|
  
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 | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/shield-som-imagem/4303-shield-mp3-vs1053.html|SHIELD MP3 VS1053]] | external provider | 11.60  | | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/shield-som-imagem/4303-shield-mp3-vs1053.html|SHIELD MP3 VS1053]] | external provider | 11.60  |
 | [[https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/delkin-devices-inc/USDCOEM-16GB/13882332|16 GB Micro SD card]] |Team member | 8.72  | | [[https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/delkin-devices-inc/USDCOEM-16GB/13882332|16 GB Micro SD card]] |Team member | 8.72  |
-| |Total include delivery price | 635,94| +| |Total include delivery price | 635.94| 
-| |Total that we payed| 15,3|+| |Total that we payed| 15.30|
  
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 ^ Name ^ Units ^ Price [€] ^ Delivery/Additional costs [€] ^ Total cost [€] ^ ^ Name ^ Units ^ Price [€] ^ Delivery/Additional costs [€] ^ Total cost [€] ^
-|[[https://www.helloprint.co.uk/trifoldleaflets-portrait-us-Gloss-135G-Nofinishing-1000-days4|3-fold leaflet]]|1000|81,18|11,28|92,46|+|[[https://www.helloprint.co.uk/trifoldleaflets-portrait-us-Gloss-135G-Nofinishing-1000-days4|3-fold leaflet]]|1000|81.18|11.28|92.46|
 |Website creation|1|4000|-|4000| |Website creation|1|4000|-|4000|
  
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 We have to pay attention to the use of the product but also to its production, the choice of raw materials, its delivery and finally its end of life. We have to pay attention to the use of the product but also to its production, the choice of raw materials, its delivery and finally its end of life.
-In order to address these issues we decided to use recyclable materials (aluminium), repairable and reusable materials (screen, electronic components), biodegradable and reusable materials for packaging (mycelium, more details on [[report#Packaging Design |chapter 7.5]]) and finally solar panels to reduce the consumption of electrical energy from the city. +In order to address these issues we decided to use recyclable materials (aluminium), repairable and reusable materials (screen, electronic components), biodegradable and reusable materials for packaging (mycelium, more details on [[report#Packaging Design |Chapter 7.5]]) and finally solar panels to reduce the consumption of electrical energy from the city. 
  
 ==== - Liability ====  ==== - Liability ==== 
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 <figure structdraw> <figure structdraw>
-{{:structural_drawing_png.png|}}+{{::structural_drawing_2_png.png?800|}}
 <caption>Structural Drawing</caption> <caption>Structural Drawing</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 **Materials and simulations** **Materials and simulations**
-In order to make the stress and strain simulations, we need to first look at what materials would be most suited for the design. Looking at the shape, the best way to produce it is to split up the model in three different parts. A top part and a bottom part. The bottom part will then again be split up into two different parts. Look figure {{ref>explodedview}} to see how this looks.+In order to make the stress and strain simulations, we need to first look at what materials would be most suited for the design. Looking at the shape, the best way to produce it is to split up the model in three different parts. A top part and a bottom part. The bottom part will then again be split up into two different parts. Figure {{ref>explodedview}} shows what this looks like.
  
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-This way the three parts can be produced by press forming. Press forming is a production method that works well together with aluminium. A material which is suited for this product for its properties and price. In GRANTA Edupack there’s a few tools in order to pick out which material is most suited. For our material, it’s important that it has a high tensile strength in order to resist impact from people trying to destroy the product since it’s located in a public space. If we put all the different materials in a graph with density on the x-axis (since we want to make the product as light as possible) and tensile strength on the y-axis. We get a result which can be seen in figure {{ref>graph}}.+This way the three parts can be produced by press forming. Press forming is a production method that works well together with aluminium. A material which is suited for this product for its properties and price. In GRANTA Edupack there’s a few tools in order to pick out which material is most suited. For our material, it’s important that it has a high tensile strength in order to resist impact from people trying to destroy the product since it’s located in a public space. If we put all the different materials in a graph with density on the x-axis (since we want to make the product as light as possible) and tensile strength on the y-axis. We get a result which can be seen in Figure {{ref>graph}}.
  
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-The two materials that seemed to be most suited were Aluminium, 8091, T6 and Aluminium 5182, H19. In figure {{ref>aluminium1}} and figure {{ref>aluminium2}} the different attributes of both materials can be seen.+The two materials that seemed to be most suited were Aluminium, 8091, T6 and Aluminium 5182, H19. In Figure {{ref>aluminium1}} and Figure {{ref>aluminium2}} the different attributes of both materials can be seen.
  
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 <figure aluminium1> <figure aluminium1>
-{{ :aluminium_8091.png?direct&400 |}}+{{ :aluminium_8091.png?direct&800 |}}
 <caption>Aluminium 8091,T6</caption> <caption>Aluminium 8091,T6</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 <figure aluminium2> <figure aluminium2>
-{{ :aluminium_5182.png?direct&400 |}}+{{ :aluminium_5182.png?direct&800 |}}
 <caption>Aluminium 5182,H19</caption> <caption>Aluminium 5182,H19</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 **Storm simulation** **Storm simulation**
-For the storm simulation there had to be an approximation of how much force a heavy wind will apply to our screen. According to a research done by Kroftman (ref) at a wind speed of 115 km/h (classified as a heavy storm) there’s a pressure of 640 N/m2. So after applying this pressure to the 3D model, the results of the simulation can be seen in figure {{ref>stormstress}}, figure {{ref>stormdisplacement}} and figure {{ref>stormstrain}}.+For the storm simulation there had to be an approximation of how much force a heavy wind will apply to our screen. According to a research done by Kroftman (ref) at a wind speed of 115 km/h (classified as a heavy storm) there’s a pressure of 640 N/m2. So after applying this pressure to the 3D model, the results of the simulation can be seen in Figure {{ref>stormstress}}, Figure {{ref>stormdisplacement}} and Figure {{ref>stormstrain}}.
  
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-Looking at the results the display is able to resist a heavy storm. The maximum stress put on the casing is 5,585e+07 N/m^2 while the Yield strength of the aluminium is about 4e+08 N/m^2. Looking at the displacement simulation, there’s a displacement of about 16mm maximum which is acceptable.+Looking at the results the display is able to resist a heavy storm. The maximum stress put on the casing is 5.585e+07 N/m^2 while the Yield strength of the aluminium is about 4e+08 N/m^2. Looking at the displacement simulation, there’s a displacement of about 16 mm maximum which is acceptable.
  
 //Second version// //Second version//
  
-After critically looking at the simulations, there's been a conclusion that the simulation hasn't been fully accurate for the real life situation. In figure {{ref>stormstress}} a simulation has been made where it's been assumed that the screen is made from aluminum and thus it's contributing to the overall strength of the structure. This is not accurate since the screen is made of a blend of materials, including plastics and ceramics. Furthermore, the screen is not part of the aluminum structure, it's only been joined using screws. For this reason a second simulation has been done which will more accurately represent real life. These simulations can be seen in figure {{ref>stormstress2}} (stress), figure {{ref>stormdisplacement2}} (displacement) and figure {{ref>stormstrain2}} (strain).+After critically looking at the simulations, there's been a conclusion that the simulation hasn't been fully accurate for the real life situation. In Figure {{ref>stormstress}} a simulation has been made where it's been assumed that the screen is made from aluminum and thus it's contributing to the overall strength of the structure. This is not accurate since the screen is made of a blend of materials, including plastics and ceramics. Furthermore, the screen is not part of the aluminum structure, it's only been joined using screws. For this reason a second simulation has been done which will more accurately represent real life. These simulations can be seen in Figure {{ref>stormstress2}} (stress), Figure {{ref>stormdisplacement2}} (displacement) and Figure {{ref>stormstrain2}} (strain).
  
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 **Beer bottle simulation** **Beer bottle simulation**
-To calculate the impact force of a beer bottle we assumed a beer bottle is 200 grams, it has a velocity of 30 km/h (which is very fast) and a collision distance of 10 mm. This means there’ll be an impact force of 694.4 N. For the calculation, see figure {{ref>bottlecalculation}}.+To calculate the impact force of a beer bottle we assumed a beer bottle is 200 g, it has a velocity of 30 km/h (which is very fast) and a collision distance of 10 mm. This means there’ll be an impact force of 694.4 N. For the calculation, see Figure {{ref>bottlecalculation}}.
  
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-Using this impact force the results of the simulations can be seen in figure {{ref>bottlestress}}, figure {{ref>bottledisplacement}} and figure {{ref>bottlestrain}}.+Using this impact force the results of the simulations can be seen in Figure {{ref>bottlestress}}, Figure {{ref>bottledisplacement}} and Figure {{ref>bottlestrain}}.
  
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-The maximum stress is 5,623e+07 N/m^2 while the yield strength is 4e+08 N/m^2. This means the product is able withstand a beer bottle thrown at it at extreme speeds.+The maximum stress is 5.623e+07 N/m^2 while the yield strength is 4e+08 N/m^2. This means the product is able withstand a beer bottle thrown at it at extreme speeds.
  
 ==== - Packaging Design ==== ==== - Packaging Design ====
-In Figure {{ref>packaging}} there is a packaging solution presented. The packaging is form fitted which means it's easy to apply and remove the packaging by hand. The screen will be transported in a truck and will be upright in the cargo. After placing the screen in the public space, the packaging will be removed by hand and be placed back in the truck. These packaging components will then be reused for new screens who are awaiting transport. After the packaging part is not fit for use anymore, it can be thrown away and it will be degraded by nature.+In Figure {{ref>packaging}} the packaging solution is presented. The packaging is form fitted which means it's easy to apply and remove the packaging by hand. The screen will be transported in a truck and will be upright in the cargo. After placing the screen in the public space, the packaging will be removed by hand and be placed back in the truck. These packaging components will then be reused for new screens who are awaiting transport. After the packaging part is not fit for use anymore, it can be thrown away and it will be degraded by nature.
  
-The packaging is made from mycelium, a material that is produced from agricultural waste and mushrooms/fungi. The agricultural waste will be mixed together with spores of a certain kind of mushroom (together with a few extra nutrients), this mixture will then be used to fill up a mold in the desired shape. Depending on the strain of mushroom and the size of the product, the hyphe (fungi roots) will take about 1-4 weeks to grow throughout the mold. After the mold is filled all the way the product will be taken out and the product will be dried at about 60-80 degrees. This will dry out the moisture and kill the fungi, only leaving the root system and agricultural waste. This means the product is fully bio-producable and biodegradable since it only consists of natural components. [(elsacker_interdisciplinary_nodate)] [(elsacker_comprehensive_2020)] [(bayer_54_nodate)]+The packaging is made from mycelium, a material that is produced from agricultural waste and mushrooms/fungi. The agricultural waste will be mixed together with spores of a certain kind of mushroom (together with a few extra nutrients), this mixture will then be used to fill up a mold in the desired shape. Depending on the strain of mushroom and the size of the product, the hyphe (fungi roots) will take about 1-4 weeks to grow throughout the mold. After the mold is filled all the way the product will be taken out and the product will be dried at about 60-80 °C. This will dry out the moisture and kill the fungi, only leaving the root system and agricultural waste. This means the product is fully bio-producable and biodegradable since it only consists of natural components. [(elsacker_interdisciplinary_nodate)] [(elsacker_comprehensive_2020)] [(bayer_54_nodate)]
  
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 == - Audio Components ==  == - Audio Components == 
-To attract the attention of a bypasser the system should be able to play some sounds. Table {{ref>audioshield}} shows the two most popular audio shields for processing audio files. In Table {{ref>speakers}} some speaker options are compared although for the prototype small 3 milimeter jack computer speakers will suffice.+To attract the attention of a bypasser the system should be able to play some sounds. Table {{ref>audioshield}} shows the two most popular audio shields for processing audio files. In Table {{ref>speakers}} some speaker options are compared although for the prototype small 3 mm jack computer speakers will suffice.
  
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 | A | [[ https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/soberton-inc/SP-2027NW/9924407|SP-2027NW]] | 3.50 | 1 W | | A | [[ https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/soberton-inc/SP-2027NW/9924407|SP-2027NW]] | 3.50 | 1 W |
 | B | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/visaton-gmbh-co-kg/FRS-5-X-8-OHM/9842344|FRS 5 X - 8 OHM]] | 12.69 | 5 W | | B | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/visaton-gmbh-co-kg/FRS-5-X-8-OHM/9842344|FRS 5 X - 8 OHM]] | 12.69 | 5 W |
-| C | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3968/9745251|SPEAKER 4 OHM]] | 4.50 |  3 W |+| C | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3968/9745251|SPEAKER 4 OHM]] | 4.50 | 3 W |
 |** D **| ** [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/som/5313-hamburger-mini-speaker.html|Mini-Speaker]] **|** 8.00 **| **3 W**| |** D **| ** [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/som/5313-hamburger-mini-speaker.html|Mini-Speaker]] **|** 8.00 **| **3 W**|
 </WRAP>  </WRAP> 
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 ^ Component ^ Price [€] ^ Picture ^ ^ Component ^ Price [€] ^ Picture ^
 | [[https://https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3942/9658069|Ultra Sonic Sensor HC-SR04]] | (03.65) already available | {{:mfg_3942.jpg?200|}} |  | [[https://https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3942/9658069|Ultra Sonic Sensor HC-SR04]] | (03.65) already available | {{:mfg_3942.jpg?200|}} | 
-| [[https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-uno-project-super-starter-kit|(Elegoo) Uno R3]] |(~38) already available | {{ :elegoo_uno_r3.jpg?100 |}}|+| [[https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-uno-project-super-starter-kit|(Elegoo) Uno R3]] |(~38.00) already available | {{ :elegoo_uno_r3.jpg?100 |}}|
 | [[https://www.worten.pt/outlet/informatica-e-acessorios/portateis/portatil-hibrido-acer-spin-5-sp513-51-537m-outlet-grade-a-13-3-intel-core-i5-7200u-8-gb-ram-256-gb-ssd-intel-hd-graphics-620-7404696|Laptop with touchscreen]] |(559.97) already available | {{ :laptop_with_touchscreen.png?100 |}} | | [[https://www.worten.pt/outlet/informatica-e-acessorios/portateis/portatil-hibrido-acer-spin-5-sp513-51-537m-outlet-grade-a-13-3-intel-core-i5-7200u-8-gb-ram-256-gb-ssd-intel-hd-graphics-620-7404696|Laptop with touchscreen]] |(559.97) already available | {{ :laptop_with_touchscreen.png?100 |}} |
 | [[https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11026|Jumper Wires]] | (2.30) already available | {{ :jumper_wires.jpg?100 |}} | | [[https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11026|Jumper Wires]] | (2.30) already available | {{ :jumper_wires.jpg?100 |}} |
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 ==== - Functional Tests ==== ==== - Functional Tests ====
  
-For both components of our project, the public display prototype and the app, some functional tests were carried out. These are the results of said tests. Table {{ref>webapptest}} shows the result for the web application and Table {{ref>displaytest}} for the public display.+For both components of our project, the public display prototype and the app, some functional tests were carried out. These are the results of said tests. Table {{ref>testconclusion}} shows an overview of tests concluded, Table {{ref>webapptest}} shows the result for the web application and Table {{ref>displaytest}} for the public display. 
 + 
 +<WRAP centeralign>  
 +<table testconclusion>  
 +<caption> Functional Tests and Results </caption> 
 +<WRAP box center centeralign 400px>  
 +^ Number ^ Test^ Results^   
 +|T1|Walking by the setup | Sounds were played  |   
 +|T2|Letting different testers handle display application | Everything was clear and worked |  
 +|T3|Letting different testers try the web application | successful runthrough of application| 
 +|T4|Postman test: average request time| 168 ms - 182 ms |  
 +|T5|Postman test: average request size| 2.23 KB |   
 +</WRAP>  
 +</table>  
 +</WRAP>
  
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 Regarding the design, the material choice can be optimized. The coating of epoxy makes it difficult to recycle the aluminium, so it's recommended to find a solution to this. This can be done by choosing a different type of coating, material or way of protecting the casing. Regarding the design, the material choice can be optimized. The coating of epoxy makes it difficult to recycle the aluminium, so it's recommended to find a solution to this. This can be done by choosing a different type of coating, material or way of protecting the casing.
 ===== Bibliography ===== ===== Bibliography =====
-//Will be added automatically by citing, in the body of the report, entries specified in BibTeX format and stored in the http://www.epswiki.dee.isep.ipp.pt/doku.php?id=refnotes:bib file// 
  
-PS - //If you have doubts on how to make citations, create captions, insert formulas, etc. visit this [[http://www.epswiki.dee.isep.ipp.pt/doku.php?id=example | page]] with examples and select "Show pagesource" to see the source code.//  

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