EPS@ISEP | The European Project Semester (EPS) at ISEP

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report [2022/06/18 22:44] – [Glossary] team3report [2022/06/29 14:21] (current) – [3.3 Cost] team3
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 |LCA|Life Cycle Analysis| |LCA|Life Cycle Analysis|
 |UC|Use Case| |UC|Use Case|
 +|PV|PhotoVoltaic|
  
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 ==== - Comparison between development solutions ==== ==== - Comparison between development solutions ====
  
-During the initial phase of the project, we had to make two important decisions that affected further work. We had to decide whether we want to use QR codes or NFC, and if we want to create a web app or a mobile app. In order to make a decision we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. The fidings are presented in the Tables {{ref>tabelqr}}, {{ref>tabelnfc}}, {{ref>tablenwebapp}} & {{ref>tableapp}} below.+During the initial phase of the project, we had to make two important decisions that affected further work. We had to decide whether we want to use QR codes or NFC, and if we want to create a web app or a mobile app. In order to make a decision we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. The fidings are presented in the Tables {{ref>tableqr}}, {{ref>tablenfc}}, {{ref>tablenwebapp}} & {{ref>tableapp}} below.
  
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 | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/shield-som-imagem/4303-shield-mp3-vs1053.html|SHIELD MP3 VS1053]] | external provider | 11.60  | | [[https://www.botnroll.com/pt/shield-som-imagem/4303-shield-mp3-vs1053.html|SHIELD MP3 VS1053]] | external provider | 11.60  |
 | [[https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/delkin-devices-inc/USDCOEM-16GB/13882332|16 GB Micro SD card]] |Team member | 8.72  | | [[https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/delkin-devices-inc/USDCOEM-16GB/13882332|16 GB Micro SD card]] |Team member | 8.72  |
-| |Total include delivery price | 635,94| +| |Total include delivery price | 635.94| 
-| |Total that we payed| 15,3|+| |Total that we payed| 15.30|
  
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 ^ Name ^ Units ^ Price [€] ^ Delivery/Additional costs [€] ^ Total cost [€] ^ ^ Name ^ Units ^ Price [€] ^ Delivery/Additional costs [€] ^ Total cost [€] ^
-|[[https://www.helloprint.co.uk/trifoldleaflets-portrait-us-Gloss-135G-Nofinishing-1000-days4|3-fold leaflet]]|1000|81,18|11,28|92,46|+|[[https://www.helloprint.co.uk/trifoldleaflets-portrait-us-Gloss-135G-Nofinishing-1000-days4|3-fold leaflet]]|1000|81.18|11.28|92.46|
 |Website creation|1|4000|-|4000| |Website creation|1|4000|-|4000|
  
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 We have to pay attention to the use of the product but also to its production, the choice of raw materials, its delivery and finally its end of life. We have to pay attention to the use of the product but also to its production, the choice of raw materials, its delivery and finally its end of life.
-In order to address these issues we decided to use recyclable materials (aluminium), repairable and reusable materials (screen, electronic components), biodegradable and reusable materials for packaging (mycelium, more details on [[report#Packaging Design |chapter 7.5]]) and finally solar panels to reduce the consumption of electrical energy from the city. +In order to address these issues we decided to use recyclable materials (aluminium), repairable and reusable materials (screen, electronic components), biodegradable and reusable materials for packaging (mycelium, more details on [[report#Packaging Design |Chapter 7.5]]) and finally solar panels to reduce the consumption of electrical energy from the city. 
  
 ==== - Liability ====  ==== - Liability ==== 
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-{{:structural_drawing_png.png|}}+{{::structural_drawing_2_png.png?800|}}
 <caption>Structural Drawing</caption> <caption>Structural Drawing</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 **Materials and simulations** **Materials and simulations**
-In order to make the stress and strain simulations, we need to first look at what materials would be most suited for the design. Looking at the shape, the best way to produce it is to split up the model in three different parts. A top part and a bottom part. The bottom part will then again be split up into two different parts. Look figure {{ref>explodedview}} to see how this looks.+In order to make the stress and strain simulations, we need to first look at what materials would be most suited for the design. Looking at the shape, the best way to produce it is to split up the model in three different parts. A top part and a bottom part. The bottom part will then again be split up into two different parts. Figure {{ref>explodedview}} shows what this looks like.
  
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-This way the three parts can be produced by press forming. Press forming is a production method that works well together with aluminium. A material which is suited for this product for its properties and price. In GRANTA Edupack there’s a few tools in order to pick out which material is most suited. For our material, it’s important that it has a high tensile strength in order to resist impact from people trying to destroy the product since it’s located in a public space. If we put all the different materials in a graph with density on the x-axis (since we want to make the product as light as possible) and tensile strength on the y-axis. We get a result which can be seen in figure {{ref>graph}}.+This way the three parts can be produced by press forming. Press forming is a production method that works well together with aluminium. A material which is suited for this product for its properties and price. In GRANTA Edupack there’s a few tools in order to pick out which material is most suited. For our material, it’s important that it has a high tensile strength in order to resist impact from people trying to destroy the product since it’s located in a public space. If we put all the different materials in a graph with density on the x-axis (since we want to make the product as light as possible) and tensile strength on the y-axis. We get a result which can be seen in Figure {{ref>graph}}.
  
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-The two materials that seemed to be most suited were Aluminium, 8091, T6 and Aluminium 5182, H19. In figure {{ref>aluminium1}} and figure {{ref>aluminium2}} the different attributes of both materials can be seen.+The two materials that seemed to be most suited were Aluminium, 8091, T6 and Aluminium 5182, H19. In Figure {{ref>aluminium1}} and Figure {{ref>aluminium2}} the different attributes of both materials can be seen.
  
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 <figure aluminium1> <figure aluminium1>
-{{ :aluminium_8091.png?direct&400 |}}+{{ :aluminium_8091.png?direct&800 |}}
 <caption>Aluminium 8091,T6</caption> <caption>Aluminium 8091,T6</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 <figure aluminium2> <figure aluminium2>
-{{ :aluminium_5182.png?direct&400 |}}+{{ :aluminium_5182.png?direct&800 |}}
 <caption>Aluminium 5182,H19</caption> <caption>Aluminium 5182,H19</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 **Storm simulation** **Storm simulation**
-For the storm simulation there had to be an approximation of how much force a heavy wind will apply to our screen. According to a research done by Kroftman (ref) at a wind speed of 115 km/h (classified as a heavy storm) there’s a pressure of 640 N/m2. So after applying this pressure to the 3D model, the results of the simulation can be seen in figure {{ref>stormstress}}, figure {{ref>stormdisplacement}} and figure {{ref>stormstrain}}.+For the storm simulation there had to be an approximation of how much force a heavy wind will apply to our screen. According to a research done by Kroftman (ref) at a wind speed of 115 km/h (classified as a heavy storm) there’s a pressure of 640 N/m2. So after applying this pressure to the 3D model, the results of the simulation can be seen in Figure {{ref>stormstress}}, Figure {{ref>stormdisplacement}} and Figure {{ref>stormstrain}}.
  
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-Looking at the results the display is able to resist a heavy storm. The maximum stress put on the casing is 5,585e+07 N/m^2 while the Yield strength of the aluminium is about 4e+08 N/m^2. Looking at the displacement simulation, there’s a displacement of about 16mm maximum which is acceptable.+Looking at the results the display is able to resist a heavy storm. The maximum stress put on the casing is 5.585e+07 N/m^2 while the Yield strength of the aluminium is about 4e+08 N/m^2. Looking at the displacement simulation, there’s a displacement of about 16 mm maximum which is acceptable.
  
 //Second version// //Second version//
  
-After critically looking at the simulations, there's been a conclusion that the simulation hasn't been fully accurate for the real life situation. In figure {{ref>stormstress}} a simulation has been made where it's been assumed that the screen is made from aluminum and thus it's contributing to the overall strength of the structure. This is not accurate since the screen is made of a blend of materials, including plastics and ceramics. Furthermore, the screen is not part of the aluminum structure, it's only been joined using screws. For this reason a second simulation has been done which will more accurately represent real life. These simulations can be seen in figure {{ref>stormstress2}} (stress), figure {{ref>stormdisplacement2}} (displacement) and figure {{ref>stormstrain2}} (strain).+After critically looking at the simulations, there's been a conclusion that the simulation hasn't been fully accurate for the real life situation. In Figure {{ref>stormstress}} a simulation has been made where it's been assumed that the screen is made from aluminum and thus it's contributing to the overall strength of the structure. This is not accurate since the screen is made of a blend of materials, including plastics and ceramics. Furthermore, the screen is not part of the aluminum structure, it's only been joined using screws. For this reason a second simulation has been done which will more accurately represent real life. These simulations can be seen in Figure {{ref>stormstress2}} (stress), Figure {{ref>stormdisplacement2}} (displacement) and Figure {{ref>stormstrain2}} (strain).
  
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 **Beer bottle simulation** **Beer bottle simulation**
-To calculate the impact force of a beer bottle we assumed a beer bottle is 200 grams, it has a velocity of 30 km/h (which is very fast) and a collision distance of 10 mm. This means there’ll be an impact force of 694.4 N. For the calculation, see figure {{ref>bottlecalculation}}.+To calculate the impact force of a beer bottle we assumed a beer bottle is 200 g, it has a velocity of 30 km/h (which is very fast) and a collision distance of 10 mm. This means there’ll be an impact force of 694.4 N. For the calculation, see Figure {{ref>bottlecalculation}}.
  
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-Using this impact force the results of the simulations can be seen in figure {{ref>bottlestress}}, figure {{ref>bottledisplacement}} and figure {{ref>bottlestrain}}.+Using this impact force the results of the simulations can be seen in Figure {{ref>bottlestress}}, Figure {{ref>bottledisplacement}} and Figure {{ref>bottlestrain}}.
  
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-The maximum stress is 5,623e+07 N/m^2 while the yield strength is 4e+08 N/m^2. This means the product is able withstand a beer bottle thrown at it at extreme speeds.+The maximum stress is 5.623e+07 N/m^2 while the yield strength is 4e+08 N/m^2. This means the product is able withstand a beer bottle thrown at it at extreme speeds.
  
 ==== - Packaging Design ==== ==== - Packaging Design ====
-In Figure {{ref>packaging}} there is a packaging solution presented. The packaging is form fitted which means it's easy to apply and remove the packaging by hand. The screen will be transported in a truck and will be upright in the cargo. After placing the screen in the public space, the packaging will be removed by hand and be placed back in the truck. These packaging components will then be reused for new screens who are awaiting transport. After the packaging part is not fit for use anymore, it can be thrown away and it will be degraded by nature.+In Figure {{ref>packaging}} the packaging solution is presented. The packaging is form fitted which means it's easy to apply and remove the packaging by hand. The screen will be transported in a truck and will be upright in the cargo. After placing the screen in the public space, the packaging will be removed by hand and be placed back in the truck. These packaging components will then be reused for new screens who are awaiting transport. After the packaging part is not fit for use anymore, it can be thrown away and it will be degraded by nature.
  
-The packaging is made from mycelium, a material that is produced from agricultural waste and mushrooms/fungi. The agricultural waste will be mixed together with spores of a certain kind of mushroom (together with a few extra nutrients), this mixture will then be used to fill up a mold in the desired shape. Depending on the strain of mushroom and the size of the product, the hyphe (fungi roots) will take about 1-4 weeks to grow throughout the mold. After the mold is filled all the way the product will be taken out and the product will be dried at about 60-80 degrees. This will dry out the moisture and kill the fungi, only leaving the root system and agricultural waste. This means the product is fully bio-producable and biodegradable since it only consists of natural components. [(elsacker_interdisciplinary_nodate)] [(elsacker_comprehensive_2020)] [(bayer_54_nodate)]+The packaging is made from mycelium, a material that is produced from agricultural waste and mushrooms/fungi. The agricultural waste will be mixed together with spores of a certain kind of mushroom (together with a few extra nutrients), this mixture will then be used to fill up a mold in the desired shape. Depending on the strain of mushroom and the size of the product, the hyphe (fungi roots) will take about 1-4 weeks to grow throughout the mold. After the mold is filled all the way the product will be taken out and the product will be dried at about 60-80 °C. This will dry out the moisture and kill the fungi, only leaving the root system and agricultural waste. This means the product is fully bio-producable and biodegradable since it only consists of natural components. [(elsacker_interdisciplinary_nodate)] [(elsacker_comprehensive_2020)] [(bayer_54_nodate)]
  
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 == - Audio Components ==  == - Audio Components == 
-To attract the attention of a bypasser the system should be able to play some sounds. Table {{ref>audioshield}} shows the two most popular audio shields for processing audio files. In Table {{ref>speakers}} some speaker options are compared although for the prototype small 3 milimeter jack computer speakers will suffice.+To attract the attention of a bypasser the system should be able to play some sounds. Table {{ref>audioshield}} shows the two most popular audio shields for processing audio files. In Table {{ref>speakers}} some speaker options are compared although for the prototype small 3 mm jack computer speakers will suffice.
  
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 | A | [[ https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/soberton-inc/SP-2027NW/9924407|SP-2027NW]] | 3.50 | 1 W | | A | [[ https://www.digikey.pt/en/products/detail/soberton-inc/SP-2027NW/9924407|SP-2027NW]] | 3.50 | 1 W |
 | B | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/visaton-gmbh-co-kg/FRS-5-X-8-OHM/9842344|FRS 5 X - 8 OHM]] | 12.69 | 5 W | | B | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/visaton-gmbh-co-kg/FRS-5-X-8-OHM/9842344|FRS 5 X - 8 OHM]] | 12.69 | 5 W |
-| C | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3968/9745251|SPEAKER 4 OHM]] | 4.50 |  3 W |+| C | [[https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3968/9745251|SPEAKER 4 OHM]] | 4.50 | 3 W |
 |** D **| ** [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/som/5313-hamburger-mini-speaker.html|Mini-Speaker]] **|** 8.00 **| **3 W**| |** D **| ** [[https://www.ptrobotics.com/som/5313-hamburger-mini-speaker.html|Mini-Speaker]] **|** 8.00 **| **3 W**|
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 ^ Component ^ Price [€] ^ Picture ^ ^ Component ^ Price [€] ^ Picture ^
 | [[https://https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3942/9658069|Ultra Sonic Sensor HC-SR04]] | (03.65) already available | {{:mfg_3942.jpg?200|}} |  | [[https://https://www.digikey.pt/pt/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3942/9658069|Ultra Sonic Sensor HC-SR04]] | (03.65) already available | {{:mfg_3942.jpg?200|}} | 
-| [[https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-uno-project-super-starter-kit|(Elegoo) Uno R3]] |(~38) already available | {{ :elegoo_uno_r3.jpg?100 |}}|+| [[https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-uno-project-super-starter-kit|(Elegoo) Uno R3]] |(~38.00) already available | {{ :elegoo_uno_r3.jpg?100 |}}|
 | [[https://www.worten.pt/outlet/informatica-e-acessorios/portateis/portatil-hibrido-acer-spin-5-sp513-51-537m-outlet-grade-a-13-3-intel-core-i5-7200u-8-gb-ram-256-gb-ssd-intel-hd-graphics-620-7404696|Laptop with touchscreen]] |(559.97) already available | {{ :laptop_with_touchscreen.png?100 |}} | | [[https://www.worten.pt/outlet/informatica-e-acessorios/portateis/portatil-hibrido-acer-spin-5-sp513-51-537m-outlet-grade-a-13-3-intel-core-i5-7200u-8-gb-ram-256-gb-ssd-intel-hd-graphics-620-7404696|Laptop with touchscreen]] |(559.97) already available | {{ :laptop_with_touchscreen.png?100 |}} |
 | [[https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11026|Jumper Wires]] | (2.30) already available | {{ :jumper_wires.jpg?100 |}} | | [[https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11026|Jumper Wires]] | (2.30) already available | {{ :jumper_wires.jpg?100 |}} |
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 For the real project an all in one solution would be the best option, seeing as it would be unnecessarily complicated to have every function handled by a different component when there are options that combine everything. The progammability is also simplified, because the software is already connected to the hardware. [[https://oemkiosks.com/?page=home|PARTTEAM & OEMKIOSKS]] offer a variety of ready set or custom solutions. For this project an proximity sensor and Wifi hotspot could be added to one of their digital interactive billboards to make an attractive starting point to our game. The [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJvln7PbRe8|PlasmV]] would be one of these options but we are currently in discourse with the company to find the best solution. One downside is that they already informed us that the kiosk is not able to be entirely powered by solar panels. We still compared possible solar panel options in the following chapter.  For the real project an all in one solution would be the best option, seeing as it would be unnecessarily complicated to have every function handled by a different component when there are options that combine everything. The progammability is also simplified, because the software is already connected to the hardware. [[https://oemkiosks.com/?page=home|PARTTEAM & OEMKIOSKS]] offer a variety of ready set or custom solutions. For this project an proximity sensor and Wifi hotspot could be added to one of their digital interactive billboards to make an attractive starting point to our game. The [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJvln7PbRe8|PlasmV]] would be one of these options but we are currently in discourse with the company to find the best solution. One downside is that they already informed us that the kiosk is not able to be entirely powered by solar panels. We still compared possible solar panel options in the following chapter. 
  
-Overview of outdoor touch screens is presented in table {{ref>kiosks}}.+Overview of outdoor touch screens is presented in Table {{ref>kiosks}}.
  
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 ==== - Prototype ==== ==== - Prototype ====
- Seeing as the public display would be too big of an expense, a prototype or proof of concept was developed. The prototype consists of a laptop with touchscreen option and an Arduino Uno with an MP3 shield, to make playing audio possible, as well as a proximity (ultrasonic) sensor to detect when a person is walking by. On the laptop a website is presented, similar to what would be on the public display. It displays all the information about the app and leads the user to the game created to be played on the user's phone. Simultaneously or rather before a user approaches the laptop/public display the arduino setup detects objects passing by and plays sounds to attract attention and then waits a specific amount of time before scanning the area again to not play sounds too often. It is also programmed to not play sounds if an object is closer than 1 meter, hence at this distance the person probably already approached the device.  + Seeing as the public display would be too big of an expense, a prototype or proof of concept was developed. The prototype consists of a laptop with touchscreen option and an Arduino Uno with an MP3 shield, to make playing audio possible, as well as a proximity (ultrasonic) sensor to detect when a person is walking by. On the laptop a website is presented, similar to what would be on the public display. It displays all the information about the app and leads the user to the game created to be played on the user's phone. Simultaneously or rather before a user approaches the laptop/public display the arduino setup detects objects passing by and plays sounds to attract attention and then waits a specific amount of time before scanning the area again to not play sounds too often. It is also programmed to not play sounds if an object is closer than 1 meter, hence at this distance the person probably already approached the device.
-==== - Tests and Results ====+
  
-=== - Functional Tests === +For the web application two use cases have to be distinguished: Main use case, when tourists access the web app via the public display. In this case, the tour is already selected and only a team name has to be entered before the game can be started. Use case two, when tourists reach the web app without having been to the kiosk before. In this case, the web app needs to give the user background information about the game and how to play it. There must also be the possibility to select a tour category. Accordingly, the processes and functions of the public kiosk must also be available in the web app. After the game has been started, the following functionalities and steps in the web app are the same for both usage scenarios. For the prototype, a tour consisting of 4 tasks was developed, which are always completed in the same order.  
 +In order to ensure a different first task for each team, this is selected at random.  For each task, there is just enough information to make the task solvable, but not trivial. If the task is successfully solved, the team receives a certain amount of points. If the given information is not sufficient to solve the task, it is possible to acquire one or two hints. These must be "bought" with the points acquired. The tasks are also intended to ensure that the team can only solve them in the right place. This is either guaranteed by the fact that a QR code must be scanned at a certain location, or that the tasks can only be solved with specific knowledge on site. There is also the option of skipping each task. Of course, no points are awarded for this. In addition, the duration of the game is measured. For the final score, the duration of the game is weighted negatively (weakly weighted). After completing all tasks successfully, the final score is shown in comparison to the other teams. Depending on the score achieved, the team receives a voucher to a local restaurant or shop of varying value. In general, it is guaranteed that even if the browser is closed or the internet connection is lost, the score, the measured time, the name of the team, the currently opened page and all other game data is retained. This was all implemented in the web application build with [[https://www.appgyver.com|AppGyver]], which was also used to prototype the display application.   
 +==== - Functional Tests ====
  
-For both components of our project, the public display prototype and the app, some functional tests were carried out. These are the results of said tests. Table {{ref>webapptest}} shows the result for the web application and Table {{ref>displaytest}} for the public display.+For both components of our project, the public display prototype and the app, some functional tests were carried out. These are the results of said tests. Table {{ref>testconclusion}} shows an overview of tests concluded, Table {{ref>webapptest}} shows the result for the web application and Table {{ref>displaytest}} for the public display. 
 + 
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 +<table testconclusion>  
 +<caption> Functional Tests and Results </caption> 
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 +^ Number ^ Test^ Results^   
 +|T1|Walking by the setup | Sounds were played  |   
 +|T2|Letting different testers handle display application | Everything was clear and worked |  
 +|T3|Letting different testers try the web application | successful runthrough of application| 
 +|T4|Postman test: average request time| 168 ms - 182 ms |  
 +|T5|Postman test: average request size| 2.23 KB |   
 +</WRAP>  
 +</table>  
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 Regarding the design, the material choice can be optimized. The coating of epoxy makes it difficult to recycle the aluminium, so it's recommended to find a solution to this. This can be done by choosing a different type of coating, material or way of protecting the casing. Regarding the design, the material choice can be optimized. The coating of epoxy makes it difficult to recycle the aluminium, so it's recommended to find a solution to this. This can be done by choosing a different type of coating, material or way of protecting the casing.
 ===== Bibliography ===== ===== Bibliography =====
-//Will be added automatically by citing, in the body of the report, entries specified in BibTeX format and stored in the http://www.epswiki.dee.isep.ipp.pt/doku.php?id=refnotes:bib file// 
  
-PS - //If you have doubts on how to make citations, create captions, insert formulas, etc. visit this [[http://www.epswiki.dee.isep.ipp.pt/doku.php?id=example | page]] with examples and select "Show pagesource" to see the source code.//  

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